Zone | Contact Address | Phone Number | e-mail Id |
1 | Chairman, GATE Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru 560 012 |
080-23606761, 23606762, 23606763, 23606764, 23606765 | gate@gate.iisc.ernet.in |
2 | Chairman, GATE Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076 |
022-2576 7068022-2572 4054 | gateoffice@iitb.ac.in |
3 | Chairman, GATE Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110 016 |
011-2659 1749011-2659 6137 | chrgate@admin.iitd.ac.in |
4 | Chairman, GATE Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039 |
0361-258 2751 | gate@iitg.ernet.in |
5 | Chairman, GATE Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208 016 |
0512-259 7412 | gate@iitk.ac.in |
6 | Chairman, GATE Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302 |
03222-282091 | gate@adm.iitkgp.ernet.in |
7 | Chairman, GATE Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036 |
044-2257 8200 | gate@iitm.ac.in |
8 | Chairman, GATE Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247 667 |
01332-284531 | gate@iitr.ac.in |
Showing posts with label GATE 2016 Notifications. Show all posts
Showing posts with label GATE 2016 Notifications. Show all posts
Home » Posts filed under GATE 2016 Notifications
Saturday, August 1, 2015
GATE 2016 Contact Details of Zonal GATE Offices
Saturday, July 25, 2015
GATE 2016 Tentative Examination Cities
There are two primary choices and one secondary choice. If you choose a particular city as your first choice, then the corresponding zone to which this city belongs will appear, and you will be able to choose another city as your second choice only from this zone. These choices will be your primary choices in a specific zone. However, a third choice has also been introduced in GATE 2016, which is your secondary choice. The list of 3rd choice cities will be as specified by each zone and this will be used only when your cities of primary choice are not available. However, because of operational constraints, the GATE committee reserves the right to add a new city or remove an existing one, and allot a city that may not be any of the choices of a candidate.
Table below gives the tentative list of the cities (zone-wise) in which GATE 2015 will be held. Also shown in the table is the Zonal Offices (one of the IITs or IISc.). The Zonal Office dealing with your application will be your point of contact for any enquiries regarding your examination center and other matters.
* Please consult corresponding zonal GATE office websites for complete list of cities.
Table below gives the tentative list of the cities (zone-wise) in which GATE 2015 will be held. Also shown in the table is the Zonal Offices (one of the IITs or IISc.). The Zonal Office dealing with your application will be your point of contact for any enquiries regarding your examination center and other matters.
Zonal GATE Office | Tentative List of Examination Cities |
---|---|
IISc Bangalore Bangalore – 560 012Website: gate.iisc.ernet.in |
Alappuzha, Aluva, Ananthapur, Attingal, Bagalkot, Bangalore, Bellary, Belgaum, Bidar, Chengannur, Davengere, Gulbarga, Hassan, Hubli, Idukki, Kannur, Kanjirapally, Kasaragod, Kolar, Kollam, Kothamangalam, Kottayam, Kozhikode, Kurnool, Malappuram, Mangalore, Manipal, Muvattupuzha, Mysore, Nedumangad, Pala, Palakkad, Payyannur, Port Blair, Punalur, Shimoga, Thrissur, Tumkur and Vadakara |
IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai – 400 076Website: www.gate.iitb.ac.in |
Ahmedabad, Ahmednagar, Amravati, Anand, Aurangabad, Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Gandhinagar, Goa, Hyderabad, Jalgaon, Kolhapur, Lonawala, Mehsana, Mumbai, Nagpur, Nanded, Nashik, Navi Mumbai, Pune, Rajkot, Ratnagiri, Sangli, Satara, Secunderabad, Solapur, Surat, Thane and Vadodara |
IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi – 110016Website: www.gate.iitd.ac.in |
Ajmer, Alwar, Bahadurgarh, Bikaner, New Delhi, Delhi-NCR, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Hisar-Rohtak, Indore, Jammu, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Karnal, Kota, Mathura, Palwal, Sikar, Udaipur-Chittorgarh and Ujjain |
IIT Guwahati Guwahati – 781039Website:www.iitg.ernet.in/gate |
Agartala, Asansol,Dhanbad, Durgapur, Gangtok, Guwahati, Imphal, Jorhat, Kalyani, Patna, Silchar, Siliguri, Shillong and Tezpur |
IIT Kanpur Kanpur – 208016Website: www.iitk.ac.in/gate |
Agra, Aligarh, Allahabad, Bareilly, Bhopal, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Kanpur, Lucknow and Varanasi |
IIT Kharagpur Kharagpur – 721302Website: gate.iitkgp.ac.in |
Balasore, Berhampur (Odisha), Bhilai, Bhimavaram, Bhubaneswar, Bilaspur(CG), Cuttack, Eluru, Hooghly, Jamshedpur, Kakinada, Kharagpur, Kolkata, Raipur, Rajahmundry, Ranchi, Rourkela, Sambalpur, Tadepalligudem, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam and Vizianagaram |
IIT Madras Chennai – 600036Website: gate.iitm.ac.in |
Angamaly , Bapatla, Chennai North, Chennai South, Chittoor, Coimbatore, Cuddalore, Dindigul, Ernakulam, Erode, Gudur, Guntur, Kadapa, Kanyakumari, Karimnagar, Karur, Khammam, Madurai, Nagercoil, Nalgonda, Namakkal, Nellore, Ongole, Puducherry (Pondicherry), Salem, Thanjavur, Thiruchengode, Thiruvannamalai, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirapalli, Tirunelveli, Tirupati, Tuticorin, Vellore, Villupuram, Virudhunagar and Warangal |
IIT Roorkee Roorkee – 247667Website: www.iitr.ac.in/gate |
Ambala, Amritsar, Bathinda, Chandigarh-Mohali-Fatehgarh Sahib, Dehradun, Ghaziabad, Haldwani-Bhimtal, Hamirpur (HP)-Una, Jalandhar-Phagwara, Kurukshetra, Ludhiana-Moga, Meerut, Moradabad, Noida, Panchkula, Panipat, Pathankot, Patiala-Sangrur, Roorkee-Muzaffarnagar, Saharanpur, Sirmaur, Solan-Shimla, Sonepat and Yamunanagar |
GATE 2016 Pattern of Question Papers and Marking Scheme
Pattern of Question Papers
In all the papers, there will be a total of 65 questions carrying 100 marks, out of which 10 questions carrying a total of 15 marks are in General Aptitude (GA).In the papers bearing the codes AE, AG, BT, CE, CH, CS, EC, EE, IN, ME, MN, MT, PI, TF and XE, the Engineering Mathematics will carry around 15% of the total marks, the General Aptitude section will carry 15% of the total marks and the remaining 70% percentage of the total marks is devoted to the subject of the paper.
In the papers bearing the codes AR, CY, EY, GG, MA, PH and XL, the General Aptitude section will carry 15% of the total marks and the remaining 85% of the total marks is devoted to the subject of the paper.
GATE 2015 would contain questions of two different types in various papers:
(i) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) carrying 1 or 2 marks each in all papers and sections. These questions are objective in nature, and each will have a choice of four answers, out of which the candidate has to mark the correct answer(s).
(ii) Numerical Answer Questions of 1 or 2 marks each in all papers and sections. For these questions the answer is a real number, to be entered by the candidate using the virtual keypad. No choices will be shown for this type of questions.
Design of Questions for GATE 2016
The questions in a paper may be designed to test the following abilities:
(i) Recall: These are based on facts, principles, formulae or laws of the discipline of the paper. The candidate is expected to be able to obtain the answer either from his/her memory of the subject or at most from a one-line computation.
Example
Q. During machining maximum heat is produced
(A) in flank face
(B) in rake face
(C) in shear zone
(D) due to friction between chip and tool
(ii) Comprehension: These questions will test the candidate’s understanding of the basics of his/her field, by requiring him/her to draw simple conclusions from fundamental ideas.
Example
Q. A DC motor requires a starter in order to
(A) develop a starting torque
(B) compensate for auxiliary field ampere turns
(C) limit armature current at starting
(D) provide regenerative braking
(iii) Application: In these questions, the candidate is expected to apply his/her knowledge either through computation or by logical reasoning.
Example
Q. The sequent depth ratio of a hydraulic jump in a rectangular channel is 16.48. The Froude number at the beginning of the jump is:
(A) 5.0 (B) 8.0 (C) 10.0 (D) 12.0
Examples of each of this design is given in the types of questions above.
The questions based on the above logics may be a mix of single standalone statement/phrase/data type questions, combination of option codes type questions or match items type questions.
(iv) Analysis and Synthesis: In these questions, the candidate is presented with data, diagrams, images etc. that require analysis before a question can be answered. A Synthesis question might require the candidate to compare two or more pieces of information. Questions in this category could, for example, involve candidates in recognising unstated assumptions, or separating useful information from irrelevant information.
GATE 2016 Marking Scheme
For 1-mark multiple-choice questions, 1/3 marks will be deducted for a wrong answer. Likewise, for 2-marks multiple-choice questions, 2/3 marks will be deducted for a wrong answer. There is no negative marking for numerical answer type questions.
General Aptitude (GA) Questions
In all papers, GA questions carry a total of 15 marks. The GA section includes 5 questions carrying 1 mark each (sub-total 5 marks) and 5 questions carrying 2 marks each (sub-total 10 marks).
Question Papers other than GG, XE and XL
These papers would contain 25 questions carrying 1 mark each (sub-total 25 marks) and 30 questions carrying 2 marks each (sub-total 60 marks). The question paper will consist of questions of multiple choice and numerical answer type. For numerical answer questions, choices will not be given. Candidates have to enter the answer (which will be a real number, signed or unsigned, e.g. 25.06, -25.06, 25, -25 etc.) using a virtual keypad. An appropriate range will be considered while evaluating the numerical answer type questions so that the candidate is not penalized due to the usual round-off errors.
GG (Geology and Geophysics) Paper
Apart from the General Aptitude (GA) section, the GG question paper consists of two parts: Part A and Part B. Part A is common for all candidates. Part B contains two sections: Section 1 (Geology) and Section 2 (Geo-physics). Candidates will have to attempt questions in Part A and either Section 1 or Section 2 in Part B.
Part A consists of 25 multiple-choice questions carrying 1-mark each (sub-total 25 marks and some of these may be numerical answer type questions). Each section in Part B (Section 1 and Section 2) consists of 30 multiple choice questions carrying 2 marks each (sub-total 60 marks and some of these may be numerical answer type questions).
XE Paper (Engineering Sciences)
In XE paper, Engineering Mathematics section (Section A) is compulsory. This section contains 11 questions carrying a total of 15 marks: 7 questions carrying 1 mark each (sub-total 7 marks), and 4 questions carrying 2 marks each (sub-total 8 marks). Some questions may be of numerical answer type questions.
Each of the other sections of the XE paper (Sections B through G) contains 22 questions carrying a total of 35 marks: 9 questions carrying 1 mark each (sub-total 9 marks) and 13 questions carrying 2 marks each (sub-total 26 marks). Some questions may be of numerical answer type.
XL Paper (Life Sciences)
In XL paper, Chemistry section (Section H) is compulsory. This section contains 15 questions carrying a total of 25 marks: 5 questions carrying 1 mark each (sub-total 5 marks) and 10 questions carrying 2-marks each (sub-total 20 marks). Some questions may be of numerical answer type.
Each of the other sections of the XL paper (Sections I through M) contains 20 questions carrying a total of 30 marks: 10 questions carrying 1 mark each (sub-total 10 marks) and 10 questions carrying 2 marks each (sub-total 20 marks). Some questions may be of numerical answer type.
Note on Negative Marking for Wrong Answers
For a wrong answer chosen for the multiple choice questions, there would be negative marking. For 1-mark multiple choice questions, 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. Likewise, for 2-mark multiple choice questions, 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer. However, there is no negative marking for a wrong answer in numerical answer type questions.
Structure of GATE 2016 Examination
GATE 2016 will be conducted in the subjects (also referred to as “papers”) shown in Table below Candidates must familiarize with the paper code for the paper of their choice, as this knowledge will be required at the time of application form submission and appearing for the examination. A candidate is allowed to appear in ONLY ONE paper.
Since a candidate is allowed to appear in ONLY ONE of the 22 papers for which GATE 2016 examination is being held, the candidate has to make the choice of the paper he/she wishes to write carefully. Table below gives the list of GATE papers and paper codes for GATE 2016.
The candidate is expected to appear in a paper appropriate to the discipline of his/her qualifying degree. However, the candidate is, free to choose any paper according to his/her admission plan, keeping in mind the eligibility criteria of the institutions in which he/she wishes to seek admission. For more details regarding the admission criteria in any particular institute, the candidate is advised to refer to the websites of that institute.
*XE (Engineering Sciences) and **XL (Life Sciences) papers are of general nature and will comprise of Sections listed in the above table. More detailed explanation is given below.
The examination for all the papers will be carried out in an ONLINE Computer Based Test (CBT) mode where the candidates will be shown the questions in a random sequence on a computer screen. The candidates are required to either select the answer (for MCQ type) or enter the answer for numerical answer type question using a mouse on a virtual keyboard (keyboard of the computer will be disabled). Candidates will be provided with blank paper sheets for rough work and these have to be returned back after the examination. At the end of the 3-hour window, the computer will automatically close the screen from further actions.
Since a candidate is allowed to appear in ONLY ONE of the 22 papers for which GATE 2016 examination is being held, the candidate has to make the choice of the paper he/she wishes to write carefully. Table below gives the list of GATE papers and paper codes for GATE 2016.
The candidate is expected to appear in a paper appropriate to the discipline of his/her qualifying degree. However, the candidate is, free to choose any paper according to his/her admission plan, keeping in mind the eligibility criteria of the institutions in which he/she wishes to seek admission. For more details regarding the admission criteria in any particular institute, the candidate is advised to refer to the websites of that institute.
List of GATE 2016 papers and corresponding codes
Sl.No | Paper | Code | Sl.No | Paper | Code | |
1 | Aerospace Engineering | AE | 12 | Geology and Geophysics | GG | |
2 | Agricultural Engineering | AG | 13 | Instrumentation Engineering | IN | |
3 | Architecture and Planning | AR | 14 | Mathematics | MA | |
4 | Biotechnology | BT | 15 | Mechanical Engineering | ME | |
5 | Civil Engineering | CE | 16 | Mining Engineering | MN | |
6 | Chemical Engineering | CH | 17 | Metallurgical Engineering | MT | |
7 | Computer Science and Information Technology | CS | 18 | Physics | PH | |
8 | Chemistry | CY | 19 | Production and Industrial Engineering | PI | |
9 | Electronics and Communication Engineering | EC | 20 | Textile Engineering and Fibre Science | TF | |
10 | Electrical Engineering | EE | 21 | Engineering Sciences | XE* | |
11 | Ecology and Evolution | EY | 22 | Life Sciences | XL** | |
XE Paper Sections | Code | XL Paper Sections | Code | |||
Engineering Mathematics (Compulsory) | A | Chemistry (Compulsory) | H | |||
Fluid Mechanics | B | Biochemistry | I | |||
Materials Science | C | Botany | J | |||
Solid Mechanics | D | Microbiology | K | |||
Thermodynamics | E | Zoology | L | |||
Polymer Science and Engineering | F | Food Technology | M | |||
Food Technology | G |
*XE (Engineering Sciences) and **XL (Life Sciences) papers are of general nature and will comprise of Sections listed in the above table. More detailed explanation is given below.
General Aptitude Questions
All the papers will contain few questions that test the General Aptitude (Language and Analytical Skills), apart from the core subject of the paper.XE Paper
A candidate appearing in the XE paper has to answer the following- Section A – Engineering Mathematics (compulsory)
- GA – General Aptitude (compulsory)
- Any two of XE sections B to G
XL Paper
A candidate appearing in the XL paper has to answer the following- Section H – Chemistry (compulsory)
- GA – General Aptitude (compulsory)
- Any two of XL sections I to M
Duration and Examination Type
The GATE examination consists of a single paper of 3-hour duration that contains 65 questions carrying a maximum of 100 marks. The question paper will consist of both multiple choice questions (MCQ) and numerical answer type questions. Click here for the pattern of question papers.The examination for all the papers will be carried out in an ONLINE Computer Based Test (CBT) mode where the candidates will be shown the questions in a random sequence on a computer screen. The candidates are required to either select the answer (for MCQ type) or enter the answer for numerical answer type question using a mouse on a virtual keyboard (keyboard of the computer will be disabled). Candidates will be provided with blank paper sheets for rough work and these have to be returned back after the examination. At the end of the 3-hour window, the computer will automatically close the screen from further actions.
GATE 2016 Minimum Eligibility Criteria
Before starting the application process, the candidate must ensure that he/she meets the eligibility criteria of GATE 2016 given in the following table:
NOTE: If a candidate is pursuing any higher degree or already obtained a degree higher than that mentioned in the above table, then the candidate can select the relevant minimum required qualifying degree while filling the application form.
In case a candidate has passed one of the qualifying examinations as mentioned above in 2015 or earlier, she has to submit the degree certificate / provisional certificate / course completion certificate / professional certificate / membership certificate issued by the society or institute. In case, the candidate is expected to complete to complete one of the qualifying criteria in 2016 or later as mentioned above, she has to submit a certificate from Principal or a copy of marks card for section A of AMIE.
1. submit a copy of any one of the marks sheets of the final year,
OR
2. have to obtain a declaration from their Principal along with the signature and seal beforehand and upload the same during the online submission of the application form
Minimum Eligibility Criteria for GATE 2016
B.E./B.Tech./B.Pharm. | Bachelor’s degree holders in Engineering/ Technology,(4 years after 10+2 or 3 years after Diploma in Engineering/Technology) and those who are in the final year of such programs. | Currently in the final year or already completed | |
B. Arch. | Bachelor’s degree holders of Architecture (Five years course) | Currently in the final year or already completed | |
B.Sc. (Research)/ B.S. | Bachelor’s degree in Science(Post-Diploma/4 years after 10+2) | Currently in the 4th year or already completed | |
M. Sc./M.A./MCA or equivalent | Master’s degree in any branch of Science/Mathematics / Statistics / Computer Applications or equivalent | Currently in the final year or already completed | |
Int. M.E/M.Tech(Post-B.Sc.) | Post-BSc Integrated Master’s degree programs in Engineering / Technology (Four year program) | Currently in the 2nd/3rd/4th year or already completed | |
Int. M.E./ M.Tech or Dual Degree(after Diploma or 10+2) | Integrated Master’s degree program or Dual Degree program in Engineering / Technology (Five year program) | Currently in the 4th/5th year or already completed | |
Int. M.Sc/Int. B.S.-M.S. | Integrated M.Sc. or Five year integrated B.S.-M.S. program | Currently in the final year or already completed | |
Professional Society Examinations (equivalent to B.E./B.Tech./B.Arch.) | B.E./B.Tech./B.Arch. equivalent examinations, of Professional Societies, recognized by MHRD/UPSC/AICTE (e.g., AMIE by Institution of Engineers-India, AMICE by the Institute of Civil Engineers-India) | Completed section A or equivalent of such professional courses |
NOTE: If a candidate is pursuing any higher degree or already obtained a degree higher than that mentioned in the above table, then the candidate can select the relevant minimum required qualifying degree while filling the application form.
In case a candidate has passed one of the qualifying examinations as mentioned above in 2015 or earlier, she has to submit the degree certificate / provisional certificate / course completion certificate / professional certificate / membership certificate issued by the society or institute. In case, the candidate is expected to complete to complete one of the qualifying criteria in 2016 or later as mentioned above, she has to submit a certificate from Principal or a copy of marks card for section A of AMIE.
Certificate from Principal
Candidates who have to submit a certificate from their college Principal, as determined from above Table, have to obtain one from his/her institution beforehand and upload the same during the online submission of the application form.Candidates with backlogs
Candidates who have appeared in the final semester/year exam in 2015, but with a backlog (arrears/failed subjects) in any of the papers in their qualifying degree should1. submit a copy of any one of the marks sheets of the final year,
OR
2. have to obtain a declaration from their Principal along with the signature and seal beforehand and upload the same during the online submission of the application form
Qualifying Disciplines for Eligibility Degrees
Aeronautical Engg. | Petroleum/Petro-Chemical Engg./Technology |
Aerospace Engg. | Planning |
Agricultural Engg. | Plastic Technology |
Applied Mechanics | Polymer Technology/Science |
Architecture | Production/Industrial Engg. |
Automobile Engg. | Renewable Energy |
Biochemical Engg. | Rubber Technology |
Biomedical Engg. | Textile Engineering & Fibre Science |
Biotechnology | Agricultural Science |
Ceramic & Glass Technology | Applied Electronics |
Chemical Engg. | Applied Physics |
Chemical Technology | Biochemistry |
Civil/Environmental/Structural/Construction Engg. | Bio-Sciences |
Computer Science Engg./Technology | Chemistry |
Control and Instrumentation | Computer Applications |
Electrical Engg./Electrical and Electronics Engg./Power Engineering | Earth Sciences |
Electro-Chemical Engg. | Engineering Physics |
Electronics/Comm./Telecomm Engg. | Geology/ Geophysics |
Energy Engg. | Industrial Chemistry |
Environmental Engg. | Veterinary/Animal Science |
Food Technology/Processing Engg. | Life Sciences (Botany) |
Industrial Engg. | Life Sciences (Zoology) |
Industrial Management | Materials Science |
Information Science /Information Technology/Information and Communication Technology | Mathematics/Applied Mathematics |
Instrumentation/Electronics/Control | Microbiology |
Instrumentation & Process Control | Nano Science & Technology |
Manufacturing Engg. | Nuclear Physics |
Material Science and Engineering | Operations Research |
Mechanical Engg. | Pharmaceutical Sciences |
Mechatronics | Physics |
Medical Instrumentation | Radio Physics |
Metallurgical Engg/Industrial Metallurgy | Radio Physics & Electronics |
Mineral Engg./Mineral Dressing | Statistics |
Mining Engg./Technology; Machinery | Textile Chemistry |
Naval Architecture/Marine Engg. | All other disciplines in Engg./Technology/Sciences |
Oil Technology | – |
Paint Technology | – |
GATE 2016 Notification, Important Dates and Basic Features
GATE 2016 Notification
Notification and Information about Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) for the year 2016 has been published. It is conducted and organized by Indian Institute of Science (IISC) institute.
GATE 2016 Important Dates
Below table list out the Important Dates of GATE 2016 Examination
GATE Online Application Processing System (GOAPS) Website Opens for Enrolment, Application Filling, Application Submission
|
September 1, 2015 (Tuesday)
|
---|---|
Last Date for Submission of Online Application through Website | October 1,,2015 (Thursday) |
Last Date for Request for Change in the Choice of Examination City via GOAPS login | November 20, 2015 (Friday) |
Availability of Admit Card on the Online Application Interface for printing | December 17, 2015 (Thursday) |
GATE 2016 Online Examination
|
Tentative Dates January 30 (Saturday) to February 21 (Sunday), 2016 |
Announcement of Results on the Online Application Website | March 12,,2016 (Saturday) |
Basic Features of GATE 2016 Examination
- Examinations for all the 23 papers will be conducted by an ONLINE Computer Based Test (CBT). The online examination paper will contain some questions for which numerical answers must be keyed in by the candidate using the virtual keypad. Rest of the questions shall be of Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) type.
- Biometric information (Photograph and Fingerprints) for randomly selected candidates may be captured before the start of the examination.
- GATE 2016 examinations will be held during forenoon and afternoon sessions on weekends (Saturday and Sunday) between 30th January 2016 and 21st February 2016. Examination for some of the papers in GATE 2016 will be held in multiple sessions. Exact details regarding complete examination schedule will be notified at a later date.
- For GATE 2016 the entire process of filling up of application form, uploading of certificates/documents etc., will be online and the candidates should not send any hard copy of their application form/documents etc., to IISc or any of the IIT’s zonal GATE office.
- The payment of application fees would be through electronic mode online as well as through payment at bank counters using e-challan.
- The admit cards for GATE 2016 would be available through the online process only. Candidates can download their admit card from GATE 2016 website. No printed copy of admit cards will be posted to the candidates.